METADATA DICTIONARY FOR
PUBLIC BROADCASTING
CORE WORKING GROUP
 
Putting Our Work in Context

An overview of other standards activities and digital archives initiatives

September 12, 2002

Metadata Interchange Standards
•	The ABC Ontology and Model   
•	Composite Capability/Preference Profiles (CC/PP)   
•	Directory Interchange Format (DIF) 
•	Dublin Core Metadata for Resource Discovery  
•	EAGLES Guidelines for Lexical Semantic Standards
•	European Topic Centre for Catalogues of Data Sources (ETC/CDS) 
•	Global Information Locator Service (GILS) 
•	ISO 6523: Structures for the identification of organizations   
•	ISO 8211: Specification for a data descriptive file for information interchange
Metadata Interchange Standards
•	ISO 11179: Specification and Standardization of Data Elements
•	ISO 13250: Topic Maps
•	ISO 15398: Multimedia Content Description Interface (MPEG-7)  
•	ISO 21000: Multimedia Framework (MPEG-21)  
•	Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS)
•	Ontology Inference Layer (OIL)
•	Open Archives Initiative (OAI)
•	Open Information Model (OIM)   
•	OWL Web Ontology Language  
•	Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS) 
•	Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P)
Metadata Interchange Standards
•	Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata (PRISM)  
•	Resource Description Framework (RDF) 
•	Resource Organization And Discovery in Subject-based services (ROADS) 

•	Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images (Z39.87)   
•	XML Metadata Interchange (XMI)
Related Standards
Archiving
•	International Standard Archival Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons, and Families (ISAAR) 
•	International Standard Archival Description (ISAD) 
•	Recordkeeping Metadata Standard for Commonwealth Agencies
eLearning 
•	ADL SCORM  
•	DCMI Education Working Group  
•	IEEE Learning Object Metadata  
•	IMS Content Packaging Specification  
•	IMS Enterprise Specification  
•	IMS Learner Information Package Specification  
•	IMS Question & Test Interoperability Specification
Related Standards
Geographic information 
•	BS 7666: Spatial Data Sets for Geographical Referencing 
•	CSDGM --Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata 
•	GISEDI Metadata Specifications (GISEDI) 
•	ISO TC211: Geographic information/Geomatics
•	NGDF Discovery Metadata Guidelines

Museum information
•	Art Museum Image Consortium (AMICO) Data Specification 
•	Categories for the Description of Works of Art (CDWA) 
•	CIDOC Core Data Standard for Archaeological Sites and Monuments 
•	International Guidelines for Museum Object Information: The CIDOC Information Categories 
•	Cultural Heritage Information Online (CHIO) 

Related Standards
Library information
•	MARC -- Machine Readable Cataloguing 

Medical informatics
•	Healthcare Informatics

Scientific information
•	Common European Research Information Format (CERIF) 
•	Joint Committee on Atomic and Molecular Physical Data Exchange Standards (JCAMP-DX) 
•	Network Common Data Format (NetCDF) 
•	Planetary Data System (PDS) 

UMID
•	SMPTE Unique Material Identifiers
»	(SMPTE 330M / RP205).
•	Where other unique program identifiers such as the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) and International Standard Audiovisual Number (ISAN) are simple labels that identify only completed works, UMIDs can uniquely identify every component of a program and provide linkage between the various pieces of essence and their associated metadata. 
Dublin Core
•	The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set represents a simple resource description record. It is intended to provide a foundation for electronic bibliographic descriptions to improve structured access to information on the Internet. It aims to facilitate the description, organization, discovery, and access of network information resources.
•	The fifteen elements that have so far been agreed are TITLE, CREATOR, SUBJECT, DESCRIPTION, PUBLISHER, CONTRIBUTOR, DATE, TYPE, FORMAT, IDENTIFIER, SOURCE, LANGUAGE, RELATION, COVERAGE and RIGHTS.
Dublin Core
•	Eight of the 15 elements that make up the Dublin Core metadata set can be "refined" by the addition of one or more qualifiers (e.g. title.alternative) while sets of permitted encoding schemes (defined using the option scheme attribute) have been identified for 10 of the elements. 

•	The DCMI Type Vocabulary provides a general, cross-domain list of approved terms that may be used as values for the Resource Type element to identify the genre of a resource. The DCMI Dublin Core Structured Values (DCSV) specification is intended to be used for recording structured information within attribute values in markup-languages such as HTML and XML.
MPEG-7
•	MPEG-7 standardizes Descriptors (D) that define the syntax and the semantics of each "feature" represented by an audiovisual presentation, Description Schemes (DS) that specify the structure and semantics of the relationships between components, and a Description Definition Language (DDL) that allows the creation of new DSs and Ds and allows the extension and modification of existing DSs.
•	MPEG-7 content may be delivered independently or together with the content it describes.
MPEG-7
•	MPEG-7 data can be represented either in textual format, in binary format or a mixture of the two formats, depending on application usage. MPEG-7 defines a unique mapping between the binary format and the textual format. A bi-directional loss-less mapping between the textual representation and the binary representation is possible. 
•	The syntax of the textual format fragment payload is defined in Part 2 (Description Definition Language) of the standard. The syntax of the binary format is defined in Part 1 (Systems) of the standard. Schema are defined in Parts 3, 4 and 5 (Visual, Audio and Multimedia Description Schemes) of the standard.
MPEG-7
•	The Description Definition Language (DDL) that defines the syntactic rules to express and combine Description Schemes and Descriptors for MPEG-7 content descriptions has been heavily influenced by W3C's XML Schema Language and the Resource Description Framework (RDF).
MPEG-7
MPEG-7
DC v. MPEG-7
•	The Dublin Core Element Set is a simple content description metadata model for the resource discovery of electronic resources. It is being used by formal resource description communities such as museums, libraries, government agencies, and commercial organizations. The building of an interdisciplinary, international consensus around a core element set is the central feature of the Dublin Core. 
•	MPEG-7, on the other hand, has been designed to provide detailed and often highly  structured descriptions of multimedia content data. Many of the MPEG-7 descriptors which are equivalent to the Dublín Core elements,  are embedded at a low level within MPEG-7 description schemes. 
DC v. MPEG-7
DC v. MPEG-7
DC example
<?xml version="1.0"?>
   <!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF SYSTEM "http://purl.org/dc/schemas/dcmes-xml-20000714.dtd">
   <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
            xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
            xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">

    <rdf:Description rdf:about="file://disk/news_12_02_02.mpg">
       <dc:title>World News Tonight</dc:title>
       <dc:creator>Special Broadcasting Service</dc:creator>
       <dc:subject>International news events</dc:subject>
       <dc:description>Comprehensive coverage of global and national events,
            presented by Anton Enus. </dc:description>
       <dc:publisher>SBS-TV</dc:publisher>
       <dc:contributor>Anton Enus</dc:contributor>
       <dcterms:created>2002-02-12</dcterms:created>
	    <dcterms:issued>2002-02-12</dcterms:issued>
       <dc:type>image</dc:type>

DC example
	<dc:format>
          <dcterms:IMT rdf:value="video/mpg" rdfs:label="MPEG video">
          </dcterms:IMT>
       </dc:format>
       <dcterms:extent>30 mins</dcterms:extent>
       <dc:identifier>news_12_02_02</dc:identifier>
       <dc:language>
          <dcterms:RFC1766>
             <rdf:value>EN</rdf:value>
             <rdfs:label>English</rdfs:label>
          </dcterms:RFC1766>
       </dc:language>
       <dc:relation>http://www.theworldnews.com.au</dc:relation>
       <dcterms:spatial>world</dcterms:spatial>
       <dcterms:temporal>2002-02-12</dcterms:temporal>
       <dc:rights>all content © SBS 2000</dc:rights>
    </rdf:Description>
  </rdf:RDF>
MPEG-7 example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<Mpeg7 xmlns="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:schema:2001" 
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
          xmlns:mpeg7="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:schema:2001" 
          xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" 
          xsi:schemaLocation="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:schema:2001 .\Mpeg7-2001.xsd">

  <Description xsi:type="ContentEntityType">
    <MultimediaContent xsi:type="VideoType">
      <Video>

        <MediaLocator>
           <MediaUri>file://disk/news_12_02_02.mpg</MediaUri>
        </MediaLocator>

        <MediaTime>
            <MediaTimePoint>T00:00:00</MediaTimePoint>
            <MediaDuration>PT30M00S</MediaDuration>
        </MediaTime>

MPEG-7 example
	<CreationInformation>
	  <Creation>
		<Title xml:lang="en" type="main">World News Tonight</Title>
		<Creator>
		  <Role href="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:RoleCS:2001:PUBLISHER"/>
		  <Agent xsi:type="OrganizationType">
		    <Name>SBS-TV</Name>
		  </Agent>
		</Creator>
		<Creator>
		  <Role href="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:RoleCS:2001:ANCHOR"/>
		  <Agent xsi:type="PersonType">
		    <Name>
		      <GivenName>Anton</GivenName>
		      <FamilyName>Enus</FamilyName>
		    </Name>
		  </Agent>
		</Creator>
		<Abstract>
		  <FreeTextAnnotation>
                    
MPEG-7 example
		  Comprehensive coverage of global and national events, 
            presented by Anton Enus.
		  </FreeTextAnnotation>
		</Abstract>
		<CreationCoordinates>
		  <Location>
		    <Name>Sydney</Name>
		    <Region>au</Region>
		  </Location>
		  <Date>
		    <TimePoint>2002-02-12T21:30+01:00</TimePoint>
		  </Date>
		</CreationCoordinates>

		<CopyrightString>all content © SBS 2000</CopyrightString>
	    </Creation>

	    <Classification>
		<Form href="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:FormatCS:2001:1.1">
		  <Name xml:lang="en">Bulletin</Name>

MPEG-7 example
		</Form>
		<Genre href="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:ContentCS:2001:1.3.1">
		  <Name xml:lang="en">Daily news</Name>
		</Genre>
		<Subject>
		  <FreeTextAnnotation>International news 			  events</FreeTextAnnotation>
		</Subject>
		<Language type="original">en</Language>
		<Release date="2002-02-12T21:30+01:00">
		  <Region>au</Region>
		</Release>
	    </Classification>		
	    <RelatedMaterial>
		<MaterialType>
		  <Name xml:lang="en">Broadcaster Web Page</Name>
		</MaterialType>
		<MediaLocator>
		  <MediaUri>http://www.theworldnews.com.au</MediaUri>
		</MediaLocator>
                
MPEG-7 example
		    </RelatedMaterial>
        </CreationInformation>

        <MediaInformation>
            <MediaProfile>
              <MediaFormat>
                <Content href="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:ContentCS:2001:2">
                     <Name>audiovisual</Name>
                </Content>
                <Medium href="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:MediumCS:2001:2.1.1">
                     <Name xml:lang="en">HD</Name>
                </Medium>
		      <FileFormat href="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:FileFormatCS:2001:3">
                   <Name xml:lang="en">mpeg</Name>
                </FileFormat>
                <FileSize>666478608</FileSize>
                <VisualCoding>
                   <Format 							href="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:VisualCodingFormatCS:
			2001:1" colorDomain="color">
                     <Name xml:lang="en">MPEG-1 Video</Name>
                   </Format>
                                  
MPEG-7 example
		         <Pixel aspectRatio="0.75" bitsPer="8"/>
                   <Frame height="288" width="352" rate="25"/>
                </VisualCoding>
              </MediaFormat>
            </MediaProfile>
        </MediaInformation>

        <TemporalDecomposition gap="false" overlap="false">
           <VideoSegment id="segment1">
               <MediaTime>
                  <MediaTimePoint>T00:00:00</MediaTimePoint>
                  <MediaDuration>PT10M00S</MediaDuration>
               </MediaTime>
               <TextAnnotation>
                  <FreeTextAnnotation>Pressure Mounts on Yasser 			Arafat</FreeTextAnnotation>
               </TextAnnotation>
		     <Relation
			type="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:SemanticRelationCS:2001:key" 		target="file://disk/news_12_02_02/key1.gif"/>
                          
MPEG-7 example
			<Relation	type="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:SemanticRelationCS:
			2001:representedBy”
			target="file://disk/news_12_02_02/segment1.rm"/>
		</VideoSegment>
           <VideoSegment id="segment2">
               <MediaTime>
                   <MediaTimePoint>T00:10:00</MediaTimePoint>
                   <MediaDuration>PT10M00S</MediaDuration>
               </MediaTime>
               <TextAnnotation>
                  <FreeTextAnnotation>Milosevic Prepares for 			Trial</FreeTextAnnotation>
               </TextAnnotation>
               	<Relation type="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:SemanticRelationCS:
			2001:key" target="file://disk/news_12_02_02/key2.gif"/>
               	<Relation type="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:SemanticRelationCS:
				2001:representedBy" 				target="file://disk/news_12_02_02/segment2.rm"/>
           </VideoSegment>
           <VideoSegment id="segment3">
                <MediaTime>
                   
MPEG-7 example
			<MediaTimePoint>T00:20:00</MediaTimePoint>
               	<MediaDuration>PT10M00S</MediaDuration>
         	     </MediaTime>
               <TextAnnotation>
                  <FreeTextAnnotation>Iran's Anti-US 				Protests</FreeTextAnnotation>
               </TextAnnotation>
               <Relation type="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:SemanticRelationCS:
			2001:key”
		      target="file://disk/news_12_02_02/key3.gif"/>
               <Relation type="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:SemanticRelationCS:
			2001:representedBy" 				      target="file://disk/news_12_02_02/segment3.rm"/>
           </VideoSegment>
        </TemporalDecomposition>
      </Video>
    </MultimediaContent>
  </Description>
</Mpeg7>
DC & MPEG-7
DC & MPEG-7
<schema xmnls="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema"
   targetNamespace="http://metadata.net/harmony/"
   xmnls:harmony="http://metadata.net/harmony/"
   xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
   xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
   xmlns:mpeg7="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:schema:2001">

   <import namespace="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"/>
   <import namespace="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"/>
   <import namespace="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:schema:2001"/>

   <element name="myVideoDescription">
      <complexType>
         <sequence>
            <element ref="dc:title" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
            <element ref="dc:creator" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
            <element ref="dc:subject" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
            <element ref="dc:description" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
		...
DC & MPEG-7

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<myVideoDescription xmnls="http://metadata.net/harmony/"
   xmnls:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
   xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms"
   xmlns:mpeg7="http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG7/2000/"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://metadata.net/harmony/ [URL1]
                       http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ [URL2]
                       http://purl.org/dc/terms/ [URL3]
                       http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG7/2000/ [URL4]"

   about="file://disk/news_12_02_02.mpg">

       <dc:title>World News Tonight</dc:title>
       <dc:creator>Special Broadcasting Service</dc:creator>
       <dc:subject>International news events</dc:subject>
	    ...
DC & MPEG-7
	    <MediaLocator>
            <mpeg7:MediaUri>file://disk/news_12_02_02.mpg</mpeg7:MediaUri>
       </MediaLocator>

       <MediaTime>
            <mpeg7:MediaTimePoint>T00:00:00</mpeg7:MediaTimePoint>
            <mpeg7:MediaDuration>PT30M00S</mpeg7:MediaDuration>
       </MediaTime>

       <MediaFormat>
            <mpeg7:Content mpeg7:href="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:ContentCS:2001:2">
                     <mpeg7:Name>audiovisual</mpeg7:Name>
            </mpeg7:Content>
            <mpeg7:Medium mpeg7:href="urn:mpeg:mpeg7:cs:MediumCS:
			2001:2.1.1">
            	<mpeg7:Name xml:lang="en">HD</mpeg7:Name>
            </mpeg7:Medium>
		…
MPEG-21
•	Define a multimedia framework to enable transparent and augmented use of multimedia resources across a wide range of networks and devices used by different communities.
•	The multimedia content delivery chain encompasses content creation, production, delivery and consumption.
•	To support this, the content has to be identified, described, managed and protected.
MPEG-21
•	The transport and delivery of content will occur over a heterogeneous set of terminals and networks within which events will occur and require reporting.
•	Such reporting will include reliable delivery, the management of personal data and preferences taking user privacy into account and the management of (financial) transactions.
SCORM
•	Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) initiative has developed the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) to incorporate many of emerging standards and specifications (e.g. LOM, IMS CP) into one content model. 
•	SCORM will provide a technical infrastructure that will allow content objects to be easily shared across multiple learning delivery environments. 
OAI
•	The OAI metadata harvesting protocol uses XML to record metadata that distinguishes between data providers who represent the creators and service providers who meet the requirements of end users.
•	Metadata can be based on the Dublin Core metadata set or alternative forms such as MARC library records.
OAI
•	To support interoperability, each archive is assigned a unique archive identifier. 
•	Records within the archive are assigned persistent unique record identifiers.
•	The combination of these two identifiers uniquely identifies the relevant document(s). 
•	OAI databases can interact with each other, and with other software agents, using the The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting.
•	OAI protocol requests are expressed as HTTP requests.
RDF
•	Allows multiple metadata schemes to be read by humans as well as parsed by machines. It uses XML (EXtensible Markup Language) to express structure thereby allowing metadata communities to define the actual semantics. This decentralized approach recognizes that no one scheme is appropriate for all situations, and further that schemes need a linking mechanism independent of a central authority to aid description, identification, understanding, usability, and/or exchange.